KOZMİKOMİK ÖYKÜLER
Italo Calvino


Anasayfaya
Eleştiri sayfasına

TOPLANTI TARİHİ  : 15.12.2004
İRDELENEN KİTAP:  Kozmikomik  Öyküler
KATILANLAR  : Arzu Yıldırım, Aydan Musal, Ayşen Eriz, Aliye Moral, Armağan Tütün, Bahar Vardarlı, Eren Arcan, Efser Kayral, Deniz Şarman, Keriman Alp,  Nevcihan Oktar, Yücel Nural
GRUP DEĞERLENDİRMESİ  5.0
SAYFADAKİLER :
Kozmikomik Öyküler - Nevcihan Oktar

Italo Calvino - Cosmicomics
Cosmicomics by Italo Calvino
Discussion Questions

KOZMİKOMİK ÖYKÜLER

     Nevcihan Oktar

 

O zamanlar hiçbir şey , zaman bile yoktu. Buna rağmen her şey bu yokluktan , hiçlikten sıfırdan başladı. Kesin mutlak boşluk. Ve enerjinin akıl almaz bir biçimde merkezde toplanışı. Bu enerjinin saniyeden kısa bir süre içinde maddeye dönüşmesi. Bu görülmemiş , olağanüstü bir yoğunluktu,evrenimizin tümü bir nokta içinde yoğunlaşmıştı. Isı milyarlarca dereceydi.Patlamanın etkisiyle madde dağılmaya başlangıç noktasından uzaklaşmaya başlamıştı. Bu evrenin hacminin büyümesiydi. Bu büyüme henüz tamamlanmış değil. Bazıları bu gemleşmenin sonunun gelmeyeceğini düşünüyor, bazıları ise bu genleşme gücünün azalarak evrenin büzüşüp ve kendini yok edeceğini Büyük Sıkışma (Big Crunch) ile yok olacağını düşünüyor.

Kozmikomik Öyküler dünyanın yaradılışının hikayesi. Kitabı okurken “Küçük Prens”i anımsadım Calvino hikayeleri sürrealist, felsefik, nükteli ve çok eğlendirici bir üslupla yazmış.kritiklerce 20. yüzyılın hayal gücü en zengin ve orijinal düşünceye sahip yazarı olarak nitelendiriliyor.Borges, Marquez, Fuentes, Calvino hepsi sanki 4X100 bayrak yarışında koşan atletler gibi bayrağı taşıyorlar.Bence hepsi” evreni edebiyatla” özetliyorlar.

 

Calvino insanoğlunun ve evrenin doğuşunu şiirsel bir fabl gibi anlatmış. Hayal ve gerçek olağanüstü bir şekilde harmanlanmış.her öykünün başında italiklerle verilen bilgiler güneş sisteminin nebuladan nasıl meydana geldiğini,dünyanın ve hücresel yaşamın nasıl oluştuğunu, uzayın atomdan daha ufak parçacıklardan(quark) dan Büyük Patlama ile nasıl gerçekleştiğini, atmosferin oluşumunu, dinozorların nasıl yok olduğunu, ayın yörüngesinin nasıl değiştiğini, atomların nasıl oluştuğunu isimleri kimyasal ve matematik formülleri çağrıştıran karakterleri ile fantastik bir şekilde öykülemiş.Bunu yaparken Darwin’in evrim teorisi, Kuantum Fiziği, İzafiyet teorisi, mikroskobik ve makroskobik bilgisi ile harmanlaması muhteşem , hayran olmamak mümkün değil.ilk canlı, kurbağagiller, omurgalıların karaya çıkışı, sürüngenler çağı, dinozorlar, jura dönemi, dinozorların beklenmedik sonu ( bir çevre felaketi, ya da iklimin değişmesi, ve ilk insan  (kromozom)

 

.Qfyfq öykü anlatıcısı bazen bir nebulada bazen Büyük Patlamadan önce bir nokta üzerinde yaşıyor. Karakterlerin isimlerini tellafuz etmek mümkün değil ama hepsi insani değerler taşıyorlar. Aşık oluyorlar, kıskanıyorlar, hayal ediyorlar, bahse tutuşuyorlar, hidrojen atomları ile oyun oynayıp galaksileri uçurtuyorlar,kovalamaca oynuyorlar. Qfyfq bazen bir dinozor olup , bazen de güneşin ilk doğuşunu yazan biri, bazen kozmik bir parçacık, bazen de aya merdiven dayayıp, aydaki sütü kaşıkla dünyaya gönderen bir çocuk, ama merakını ve gözlemlerini hep bizimle paylaşan biri.

 

“Alef tüm noktaları içeren tek bir nokta. Sonsuz ve bitimsiz. Herşeyi kapsayan, öncesiz ve sonsuz”  “Tek Bir Nokta” öyküsü Alef’e atıflarla dolu. Borges’in Calvino üzerindeki etkisi ve “Big Bang” in o muhteşem açıklanması inanılmaz derecede güzel. S61

 

“Uzayda Bir İşaret” öyküsü Alef’e atıf yaptığı kadar Marquez’in etkisini taşıyor. Yüzyıllık Yalnızlık’ta “ Hiçbirşeyin henüz adı yoktu “diyordu. S 49,51,53,54

 

“Suda Yaşayan Amca” ile Darwin’in Evrim teorisi anlatılırken generasyonlar arasındaki çatışmayı da dile getirmiş. Calvino

 

“Var Mısın bahse” öyküsü evrenin atom çekirdeklerinin ve moleküllerin olşumunu anlatmış.

 

“Sarmal” öyküsü genetic kodlamanın bir öyküsü..

 

Calvino öykülerin sonunu mistik bir bakış açısıyla bitirmiş.Eren karadeliği geçen toplantıda TANRI’NIN GÖZÜ olarak tanımlamıştı.

 

“Ve o gözlerin her birinin dibinde ben oturuyordum, veya bir başka ben, benim görüntülerimden biri o dişinin görüntüsü ile karşılaşıyor. İrislerin yarısıvı küresini, gözbebeklerinin karanlığını, retinaların ayna saraylarını aşarak girilen  o öte dünyada, ne kıyısı ne sınırı olan gerçek maddemizde gene onun en sadık görüntüsüne rastlıyor.” S 184

 

Yunus’un “bir ben var benden içerü” yada TANRI HERŞEYDEDİR sözünü anımsatır.


17.12.2004

         
İtalo Calvino

Cosmicomics

1966 (1968) 
 

Kozmikomik Öyküler yaratılış üzerine büyük bir fantastik kikaye kitabıdır.  Evrenin Evrim teorisini kikayelere çevirerek "matamatiksel formüllerden" karakterler ve basit hücreli yapılar, kişilikler ortaya çıkarır.   Qfwfq çocukluğunu 

Cosmicomics is a phantasmagoria on Creation, an enchantingly ingenious idea which translates theories about the evolution of the Universe into stories and makes "characters" out of mathematical formulas and simple cellular structures. The narrator, Qfwfq, spends his childhood in the soundless, timeless void; among the incandescent colors of stellar explosions, he plays with hydrogen atoms like marbles and, sitting astride a galaxy, chases his friend Pfwfp around the firmament. Or, as an adolescent on the new Earth, he has his first shy love affairs with Ayl, Lll, and Mrs. Vhd Vhd; climbs up to the moon on a ladder as it looms hypnotically bright over him; watches the planet flood with its first color as an atmosphere forms; migrates as an adventurous young vertebrate from sea to land; or wanders the deserted plateaus as the last, lonely dinosaur, desperately wanting to belong. Most dazzling of all. Qfwfq thinks back on his state as a mollusk evolving, eyeless himself, a shell to delight all eyes.
The result of this entrancing union of mathematics and poetic imagination is pure delight. But more than this: the infinities of time and space contract, becoming momentarily acceptable to the finite mind, and the reader glimpses his own infinitesimal significance as part of the complex vastness of the cosmos.

from: Italo Calvino.

Cosmicomics
by Italo Calvino
Synopsis by Kelly Evans

Each chapter of Cosmicomics begins with a blurb which sounds like the dry, tasteless extract of a physics, astronomy or geology textbook, describing how solar systems formed from nebula, the universe started from a point smaller than an atom, the orbit of the moon changed long ago, dinosaurs became extinct, space is curved, expands, etc. On each of these topics, our narrator, Qfyfq, immediately launches. His idiosyncratic voice, omniscient, blithering, self-centered, unerring, ridiculous, is recognizable, exactly consistent, no matter if he is talking about his life as a mollusk, a dinosaur, a moon-being before color, or life before there was form, when the whole family lived on a nebula, or in the point before space.

Most of Qfyfq's friends and relatives have unpronounceable names. Xlthlx, Rwzfs, Mrs. Vhd Vhd, the beloved Mrs. Ph (i) Nk0 (actually a special typeset must have been developed, now that I think about it, since my keyboard doesn't have all the options necessary to even write these names), Z'zu, De XuaeauX, etc. However, they, and he, have distinctly human foibles (neuroses, competitiveness, love triangles, gambling, boredom, incomprehension of their bodies and environment), although in most cases they are not human. And while Qfyfq tells tales of many different lives, seemingly beginningless, which seem to imply transmigration and transformation, all mention of death and birth is conspicuously absent.

Qfyfq seems to have always been, although he doesn't waste time speculating on this fact. It's simply true that whatever is mentioned he remembers, or can look up in his diary. For instance in one case, he's looking through his telescope, as he does nightly, and sees a sign hanging off a galaxy 100,000,000 light years away, "I saw you." He hastens to check his diary and finds out he had been doing something he'd wanted to hide and hoped was forgotten on exactly that day, two hundred million years ago. Throughout the chapter, he worries about what people on galaxies all over the universe think of him, and keeps scanning for signs, and speculating what each sign means about others' judgements of himself, and wondering how to respond. "What of it?" Or, "Did you see it all, or just a little bit?"

Qfyfq is the stripped down being. All ordinary meanings are called into question, into the light, so to speak, examined and dispelled. Finally, Qfyfq does often end up in human form, and we're forced to abandon our anthropocentric habits, but with a chuckles, instead of a gut-wrenching death rattle. Likewise, we can sit back and watch the seemingly indisputable concepts of physics unravel in a satirical solvent, or by choice see the stories parabolically, finding layer after layer of reflection of ourSelf, a much more fundamental self than the one identified with a particular body or otherwise "ephemeral" life. The easy elasticity of the mind is explored by changes of quantity and scale in time and size.  

We see ourselves macro and microscopically, singular and plural. And through it all, we feel basically uncertain, restless, proud, conceited, and most of all, in love! The beloved, of course, usually eludes me. And when she doesn't, I often lose interest. I might desire her more if she lived on the moon (chapter 1), unreachable. But she drives me to build a shell (last chapter), which is really the prototypical architectural, evolutionary and artistic feat. Making a thing to be seen, I instigate the fact of the visual field, and the apparatus of sight, through the creation of something to be seen. Me! It was My doing. (The world, and all it contains, I had foreseen it all!) Elsewhere, I make the primordial sign, which is later copied and distorted ad infinitum, until the original, forgotten, in it's purity, is lost, and space is so full of signs and signs referencing other signs, there is no longer a speck of clear space anywhere.

This is the gist of it. Like a multifaceted reflecting device, the reader is reminded of many other writers. In subject and certain passages, I'm reminded of Witman's Song of Myself. In tone, EJ Gold's Creation Story Verbatim comes to mind. Italio Calvino has been compared to Marquez and Jorge Luis Borges, I guess because of Qfyfq's manner, which beguiles, comforts and seduces the reader, making it impossible not to accept the magical and downright bizarre statements he dishes up as True, ipso facto. But comparisons gall us all. So let's not dredge the coprophagous Cheshire Cat's invisible gut for cross-referenced erudition. We need feed no Ivory Towared, mycelia-minded methodologists. Like any good work of Zen, Cosmicomics is a rational, instant, uncompounded, thing-in-itself.

 

 

"The Parallels!" Italo Calvino and Jorge Luis Borges
http://www.centerforbookculture.org/context/no1/barth.html
Calvino News Articles
http://www.msu.edu/~comertod/calvino/calreview.htm
Biography
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/calvino.htm
The Italo Calvino Home Page
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/7504/calvino.html
Great Science Fiction and Phantasy Works
http://greatsfandf.com/AUTHORS/ItaloCalvino.shtml
Painting with Words
http://www.utpjournals.com/product/utq/721/721_review_hume.html
Calvino's Fairy Tale
http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/00/pwillen1/lit/index2.htm
Generating the Cosmos
http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/00/pwillen1/lit/index2.htm
The King Listens - Solipsism
http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/00/pwillen1/lit/index2.htm
The Solipsistic Consciousness’ Reality
Through its Manifisting Dialectic
http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/00/pwillen1/lit/index2.htm



A Sign in Space
Discussion Questions
1. What help does the epigraph provide for understanding the story?
2. What is Qfwfq this time?
3. Many of Calvino's Qfwfq stories engage in cosmic anthropomorphism (understanding the non-human world in human terms). What "cosmic anthropomorphism" do you find in this story?
4. At the beginning of this century two different thinkers, the American philosopher Peirce and the Swiss linguist Saussure, both proposed the development of a new science of signs, Semiotics/or Semiology (as the French call it).  What are signs? How do we use them? 
5. Describe QFWFQ's involvement with signs. How does his invention of signs backfire on him?
6. How does Kgwgk differ from Qfwfq?
7. The evolution of the cosmos leads to new and very different kinds of signs. Explain.
Games Without End
Discussion Questions
1. What help does the epigraph provide for understanding the story?
2. What is Qfwfq this time?
3. Many of Calvino's Qfwfq stories engage in cosmic anthropomorphism (understanding the non-human world in human terms). What "cosmic anthropomorph1ism" do you find in this story?
4. How does the personality of Pfwfp differ from Qfwfq's?
5. Why, at the story's end, do both qfwfq and Pfwfp lose "all pleasure " in their game?
The Aquatic Uncle
Discussion Questions
1. What help does the epigraph provide for understanding the story?
2. What is Qfwfq this time?
3. Many of Calvino's Qfwfq stories engage in cosmic anthropomorphism (understanding the non-human world in human terms). What "cosmic anthropomorphism" do you find in this story?
4. At what point in evolution does the story seem to be taking place?
5. Characterize's Qfwfq's uncle? Does he represent a common human type?
6. What does Lll find attractive in N'ba N'ga?
7. Explain the story's last sentence.
How Much Shall We Bet?
Discussion Questions
1. What help does the epigraph provide for understanding the story?
2. What is Qfwfq this time?
3. Many of Calvino's Qfwfq stories engage in cosmic anthropomorphism (understanding the non-human world in human terms). What "cosmic anthropomorphism" do you find in this story?
4. How does the personality of Dean (k)yK differ from Qfwfq's?
5. What kind of things/events do Dean (k)yK and Qfwfq bet on?
6. Does Calvino make any distinction in the story between cosmological events, historical events, and fictional events?
The Spiral
Discussion Questions
1. What help does the epigraph provide for understanding the story?
2. What is Qfwfq this time?
3. Many of Calvino's Qfwfq stories engage in cosmic anthropomorphism (understanding the non-human world in human terms). What "cosmic anthropomorphism" do you find in this story?
4. Why does Qfwfq not know he has a form?
5. Qfwfq admits "I don't mind saying life was beautiful in those days." Why?
6. How does Qfwfq learn that there are others? What are the implications of this discovery?
7. How/why does Qfwfq fall in love? What follows from it?
8. Part II of the story is in italics. Why?
9. Why does Qfwfq's evolution lead inevitably to the Rolleiflex?
All at One Point
Discussion Questions
1. What help does the epigraph provide for understanding the story? How does Calvino make use of the theory of the "Big Bang"?
2. What is Qfwfq this time?
3. Many of Calvino's Qfwfq stories engage in cosmic anthropomorphism (understanding the non-human world in human terms). What "cosmic anthropomorphism" do you find in this story?
4. Describe the other characters--especially Mrs. Ph(i)Nk0 and the Z'zus.
5. Why is the "point" so crowded?
6. Why Mrs. Ph(i)Nk0 mean so much to Qfwfq?
7. What really causes the "big bang?"
At Daybreak
Discussion Questions

1. What help does the epigraph provide for understanding the story?
2. What is Qfwfq this time?
3. Many of Calvino's Qfwfq stories engage in cosmic anthropomorphism (understanding the non-human world in human terms). What "cosmic anthropomorphism" do you find in this story?
4. Describe the other characters: Granny Bb'b, G'd(w)n Rwzfs, Mr. Hnw.
5. What is the significance of Rwzfs' "stories."
6. Qfwfq seems incapable of understanding the genius of his sister G'd(w)n; why is it so unique?
7. What happens to his sister in the end? Wil Qfwfq ever see her again? When? Where?

  

Başa Dön